中共中央 國務院

關于進一步深化電(dian)力體制改革的若干意(yi)見

中發〔2015〕9號

(2015年(nian)3月(yue)15日)

為貫徹落(luo)實黨的(de)十(shi)(shi)八大和(he)十(shi)(shi)八屆三(san)中、四中全會(hui)精神及中央財經領導小組第(di)六次(ci)會(hui)議，國家能源委員會(hui)第(di)一次(ci)會(hui)議精神，進(jin)一步深(shen)化電(dian)力(li)體制改革，解(jie)決制約電(dian)力(li)行業(ye)科學發展(zhan)的(de)突出(chu)矛盾和(he)深(shen)層次(ci)問題，促進(jin)電(dian)力(li)行業(ye)又(you)好又(you)快發展(zhan)，推動結構轉型和(he)產業(ye)升級(ji)，現提出(chu)以下意見。

一、電力體(ti)制改(gai)革的重(zhong)要性(xing)和緊迫性(xing)

自2002年(nian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力體制(zhi)改革實施(shi)以(yi)來，在黨中央、國務院(yuan)領導(dao)下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力行業(ye)破除了(le)獨家辦電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)體制(zhi)束縛(fu)，從(cong)根本上改變了(le)指令性計劃體制(zhi)和政企不分、廠網不分等問題，初步形成了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市場(chang)主體多(duo)元化競爭格局。

一(yi)是(shi)促進了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力行業(ye)(ye)快速發(fa)(fa)展。2014年全國發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機容(rong)量(liang)達到(dao)13.6億千瓦，發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)達到(dao)5.5萬億千瓦時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)220千伏及以上(shang)線(xian)路回路長度達到(dao)57.2萬千米，220千伏及以上(shang)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)達到(dao)30.3億千伏安，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)規模和(he)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能力位(wei)列(lie)世(shi)界第(di)一(yi)。二是(shi)提高(gao)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力普遍服務水平(ping)，通(tong)過農網(wang)(wang)改(gai)造和(he)農電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管(guan)理(li)(li)體(ti)制改(gai)革等(deng)工作，農村(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力供(gong)(gong)應能力和(he)管(guan)理(li)(li)水平(ping)明顯提升，農村(cun)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可靠性(xing)顯著增(zeng)強，基本(ben)實(shi)現城鄉用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)同(tong)網(wang)(wang)同(tong)價(jia)，無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)人口用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)問題(ti)基本(ben)得(de)到(dao)了(le)解決(jue)。三是(shi)初步形成了(le)多(duo)元化(hua)市場(chang)體(ti)系。在(zai)(zai)(zai)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)，組(zu)建了(le)多(duo)層面(mian)(mian)、多(duo)種所有制、多(duo)區域的發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye);在(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)，除國家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)和(he)南方(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)，組(zu)建了(le)內蒙古電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)等(deng)地方(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye);在(zai)(zai)(zai)輔業(ye)(ye)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)，組(zu)建了(le)中國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建、中國能建兩家(jia)設計施工一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)的企(qi)業(ye)(ye)。四是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)形成機制逐(zhu)步完善。在(zai)(zai)(zai)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)環節(jie)實(shi)現了(le)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)網(wang)(wang)標桿價(jia)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)輸配環節(jie)逐(zhu)步核定(ding)了(le)大部(bu)分省的輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)銷售環節(jie)相繼出臺差別電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)和(he)懲罰(fa)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)、居民階梯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)等(deng)政策(ce)。五是(shi)積(ji)極探(tan)索了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力市場(chang)化(hua)交(jiao)易(yi)和(he)監管(guan)。相繼開(kai)展了(le)競價(jia)上(shang)網(wang)(wang)、大用戶(hu)與發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)直接(jie)交(jiao)易(yi)、發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)權交(jiao)易(yi)、跨省區電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能交(jiao)易(yi)等(deng)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)的試點和(he)探(tan)索，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力市場(chang)化(hua)交(jiao)易(yi)取得(de)重要(yao)進展，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力監管(guan)積(ji)累了(le)重要(yao)經驗。

同時，電力行業發展還面臨一些(xie)亟(ji)需通過改革解(jie)決的問題(ti)，主(zhu)要有：

一是交(jiao)易(yi)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)缺失，資源(yuan)(yuan)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)不(bu)(bu)高。售電(dian)(dian)側有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)競爭機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)尚(shang)未(wei)建(jian)立(li)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)企業和(he)(he)用(yong)(yong)戶之(zhi)間(jian)市場交(jiao)易(yi)有(you)(you)限(xian)，市場配置資源(yuan)(yuan)的決定(ding)(ding)性(xing)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)難(nan)以發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮。節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)高效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)環(huan)保機(ji)(ji)組不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)充分利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)，棄水、棄風、棄光現(xian)(xian)象時有(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)，個別(bie)地(di)區窩電(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)缺電(dian)(dian)并存。二是價(jia)格(ge)關系沒有(you)(you)理順，市場化(hua)定(ding)(ding)價(jia)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)尚(shang)未(wei)完全(quan)形成(cheng)。現(xian)(xian)行電(dian)(dian)價(jia)管理仍以政府定(ding)(ding)價(jia)為主，電(dian)(dian)價(jia)調整往往滯后成(cheng)本變化(hua)，難(nan)以及時并合理反(fan)映用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本、市場供求狀況、資源(yuan)(yuan)稀缺程度和(he)(he)環(huan)境保護支出(chu)。三(san)是政府職能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉變不(bu)(bu)到位(wei)，各類規劃(hua)協調機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)不(bu)(bu)完善。各類專項發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)規劃(hua)之(zhi)間(jian)、電(dian)(dian)力規劃(hua)的實際執行與規劃(hua)偏差過大。四是發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)不(bu)(bu)健全(quan)，新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)可再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)面臨困難(nan)。光伏發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)等新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)產(chan)業設備(bei)制(zhi)造產(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)建(jian)設、運營(ying)、消費需(xu)求不(bu)(bu)匹配，沒有(you)(you)形成(cheng)研發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、生(sheng)產(chan)、利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)相(xiang)互促進的良性(xing)循環(huan)，可再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)可再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)無(wu)歧視、無(wu)障礙上網問題未(wei)得(de)到有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)解決。五是立(li)法(fa)(fa)修(xiu)法(fa)(fa)工作(zuo)相(xiang)對滯后，制(zhi)約電(dian)(dian)力市場化(hua)和(he)(he)健康發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。現(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)的一些電(dian)(dian)力法(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)規已經不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)適(shi)應發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的現(xian)(xian)實需(xu)要，有(you)(you)的配套改革政策遲遲不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)出(chu)臺，亟待(dai)修(xiu)訂有(you)(you)關法(fa)(fa)律、法(fa)(fa)規、政策、標準(zhun)，為電(dian)(dian)力行業發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)提供依據。

深化(hua)電力體制改革是一項緊迫的任務，事(shi)關我國能源安全(quan)(quan)(quan)和(he)經(jing)濟社(she)(she)會(hui)發展全(quan)(quan)(quan)局。黨(dang)的十八屆三中(zhong)全(quan)(quan)(quan)會(hui)提(ti)出，國有資本繼續控股經(jing)營的壟斷行(xing)業，實(shi)行(xing)以政企分開、政資分開、特許經(jing)營、政府監(jian)管(guan)為主(zhu)要內容的改革。《中(zhong)央全(quan)(quan)(quan)面深化(hua)改革領導(dao)小組2014年(nian)工作要點》、《國務院轉批發展改革委關于2014年(nian)深化(hua)經(jing)濟體制改革重點任務意見的通知》對深化(hua)電力體制改革提(ti)出了新使(shi)命、新要求。社(she)(she)會(hui)各界(jie)對加快電力體制改革的呼聲(sheng)也越來越高，推進(jin)改革的社(she)(she)會(hui)訴(su)求和(he)共識都在增加，具備(bei)了寬松的外(wai)部環境(jing)和(he)扎實(shi)的工作基礎。

二、深化電力體制改革的總體思(si)路和基本原則

(一)總體思路

深(shen)化(hua)電(dian)力(li)體制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改革(ge)的指導思想和(he)(he)總體目標是：堅持社會主義市場經(jing)濟改革(ge)方(fang)向，從(cong)我國(guo)國(guo)情出發，堅持清潔(jie)、高(gao)效、安(an)全(quan)(quan)、可(ke)持續發展(zhan)，全(quan)(quan)面實(shi)施國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)戰略，加快(kuai)構建有(you)效競爭(zheng)的市場結(jie)構和(he)(he)市場體系(xi)，形(xing)成主要由市場決定能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)價格(ge)的機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，轉變政府對(dui)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的監管方(fang)式(shi)，建立健(jian)全(quan)(quan)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)法制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體系(xi)，為建立現代能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)體系(xi)、保障國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全(quan)(quan)營造良好的制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度環(huan)境，充分(fen)考慮各方(fang)面訴求和(he)(he)電(dian)力(li)工業(ye)發展(zhan)規律，兼顧(gu)改到位(wei)和(he)(he)保穩定。通過(guo)改革(ge)，建立健(jian)全(quan)(quan)電(dian)力(li)行業(ye)“有(you)法可(ke)依、政企(qi)分(fen)開(kai)、主體規范、交易公(gong)平、價格(ge)合(he)理(li)、監管有(you)效”的市場體制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，努力(li)降低電(dian)力(li)成本、理(li)順價格(ge)形(xing)成機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，逐步打破壟斷、有(you)序放開(kai)競爭(zheng)性業(ye)務，實(shi)現供應(ying)多(duo)元化(hua)，調整產業(ye)結(jie)構，提(ti)(ti)升技術水平、控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消費總量(liang)，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)利(li)用效率、提(ti)(ti)高(gao)安(an)全(quan)(quan)可(ke)靠性，促進公(gong)平競爭(zheng)、促進節能(neng)環(huan)保。

深(shen)化(hua)電(dian)力(li)體(ti)(ti)制改革的(de)(de)(de)重點和(he)路徑(jing)是：在進(jin)一步完善政(zheng)企分開、廠網(wang)分開、主輔分開的(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)，按照管住中(zhong)間(jian)、放開兩頭的(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)制架構，有(you)序放開輸(shu)配(pei)以外的(de)(de)(de)競爭性(xing)環(huan)節電(dian)價，有(you)序向社會(hui)資本開放配(pei)售電(dian)業務，有(you)序放開公益性(xing)和(he)調節性(xing)以外的(de)(de)(de)發用電(dian)計劃;推進(jin)交易機構相對獨立，規范運行;繼續(xu)深(shen)化(hua)對區域電(dian)網(wang)建(jian)設(she)和(he)適合我(wo)國國情的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)配(pei)體(ti)(ti)制研究;進(jin)一步強(qiang)化(hua)政(zheng)府監管，進(jin)一步強(qiang)化(hua)電(dian)力(li)統籌規劃，進(jin)一步強(qiang)化(hua)電(dian)力(li)安(an)全(quan)高效運行和(he)可靠供應。

(二)基本原則

堅持安全(quan)可(ke)靠(kao)。體制機制設計(ji)要遵循電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)商品(pin)的(de)實時性、無形性、供求(qiu)波動(dong)性和同質化等(deng)技術經(jing)濟規律，保(bao)障電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)生產、輸送和使用動(dong)態平(ping)衡，保(bao)障電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統安全(quan)穩定運行(xing)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)可(ke)靠(kao)供應(ying)，提(ti)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)安全(quan)可(ke)靠(kao)水平(ping)。

堅持市(shi)場(chang)化改革。區分(fen)競爭(zheng)(zheng)性和壟斷(duan)性環節，在發電(dian)側和售(shou)電(dian)側開展有效競爭(zheng)(zheng)，培育(yu)獨(du)立(li)的市(shi)場(chang)主(zhu)體(ti)，著力構建主(zhu)體(ti)多(duo)元、競爭(zheng)(zheng)有序的電(dian)力交易格局，形(xing)成適(shi)應市(shi)場(chang)要求(qiu)的電(dian)價機制，激發企業內在活力，使市(shi)場(chang)在資(zi)源配置中起決定性作用。

堅持保障民生。結合我國國情和(he)電(dian)力行業發展(zhan)現狀，充分考慮企業和(he)社(she)會(hui)承(cheng)受能力，保障基本公(gong)共服務的供給。妥善處(chu)理交叉補(bu)貼問題，完善階梯(ti)價格(ge)機制，確保居民、農業、重要公(gong)用(yong)事業和(he)公(gong)益性服務等(deng)用(yong)電(dian)價格(ge)相對平穩(wen)，切實(shi)保障民生。

堅持節(jie)(jie)能(neng)減排(pai)。從實(shi)施(shi)國(guo)家安全戰略(lve)全局出發(fa)，積極(ji)開展電(dian)(dian)力(li)需(xu)求側管(guan)理和(he)(he)能(neng)效管(guan)理，完善有序(xu)用電(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)節(jie)(jie)約用電(dian)(dian)制度，促進經(jing)濟(ji)結構調整、節(jie)(jie)能(neng)減排(pai)和(he)(he)產(chan)業升(sheng)級。強化能(neng)源領域科技創新(xin)，推動電(dian)(dian)力(li)行(xing)業發(fa)展方式轉變(bian)和(he)(he)能(neng)源結構優(you)化，提高(gao)發(fa)展質(zhi)量和(he)(he)效率，提高(gao)可再生能(neng)源發(fa)電(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)分布式能(neng)源系統發(fa)電(dian)(dian)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)應(ying)中的比(bi)例。

堅持科(ke)學(xue)監(jian)管(guan)。更好發揮政(zheng)府(fu)作用，政(zheng)府(fu)管(guan)理重(zhong)點放在加(jia)強發展戰(zhan)略(lve)、規劃、政(zheng)策、標準等(deng)(deng)的制定實施(shi)，加(jia)強市場監(jian)管(guan)。完善電(dian)力監(jian)管(guan)機構(gou)、措(cuo)施(shi)和手段，改進政(zheng)府(fu)監(jian)管(guan)方法，提高對(dui)技術(shu)、安全、交(jiao)易、運(yun)行(xing)等(deng)(deng)的科(ke)學(xue)監(jian)管(guan)水平。

三、近(jin)期推進電力體制改(gai)革的(de)重點任務(wu)

(一)有序推進(jin)電(dian)價改(gai)革(ge)，理順(shun)電(dian)價形(xing)成機制

1、單獨核(he)定輸配(pei)電(dian)價。政(zheng)府(fu)定價的范圍主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)限定在重要(yao)(yao)公(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)事業、公(gong)益性服務和(he)網(wang)絡(luo)自然壟斷環節。政(zheng)府(fu)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)核(he)定輸配(pei)電(dian)價，并(bing)向社會公(gong)布(bu)，接受社會監督。輸配(pei)電(dian)價逐步(bu)過渡到按(an)“準許成本加合理收益”原則，分電(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)級核(he)定。用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶或售電(dian)主(zhu)體按(an)照其接入(ru)的電(dian)網(wang)電(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)級所對應的輸配(pei)電(dian)價支付(fu)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)。

2、分(fen)步(bu)實現公(gong)益性(xing)以(yi)外的(de)(de)發(fa)售電(dian)(dian)價(jia)格(ge)由(you)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)形成(cheng)。放開競爭性(xing)環節電(dian)(dian)力(li)價(jia)格(ge)，把輸配(pei)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)與(yu)(yu)發(fa)售電(dian)(dian)價(jia)在形成(cheng)機(ji)制(zhi)上分(fen)開。合理(li)確(que)定生(sheng)物質發(fa)電(dian)(dian)補貼標準。參與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)企業(ye)上網電(dian)(dian)價(jia)由(you)用(yong)戶或售電(dian)(dian)主體與(yu)(yu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)企業(ye)通(tong)過協商、市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)競價(jia)等(deng)方式自主確(que)定。參與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)用(yong)戶購(gou)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)格(ge)由(you)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)價(jia)格(ge)、輸配(pei)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(含(han)線(xian)損)、政府(fu)性(xing)基金(jin)三部分(fen)組成(cheng)。其他(ta)沒有參與(yu)(yu)直接(jie)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)和競價(jia)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)上網電(dian)(dian)量，以(yi)及(ji)居民(min)、農業(ye)、重要公(gong)用(yong)事業(ye)和公(gong)益性(xing)服務(wu)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)，繼續執行(xing)政府(fu)定價(jia)。

3、妥善(shan)處理電(dian)價交(jiao)叉補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)。結合電(dian)價改革(ge)(ge)進程，配(pei)套改革(ge)(ge)不同種類(lei)電(dian)價之(zhi)間(jian)的交(jiao)叉補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)。過渡期間(jian)，由電(dian)網企業申報(bao)現(xian)有各類(lei)用戶電(dian)價間(jian)交(jiao)叉補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)數額(e)，通過輸配(pei)電(dian)價回收。

(二(er))推進電力交易體制改革，完善市場化(hua)交易機制

4、規范市場主(zhu)體準(zhun)入標準(zhun)。按(an)照接入電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等(deng)(deng)級，能耗水(shui)平、排(pai)放水(shui)平、產業(ye)(ye)政策(ce)以(yi)及(ji)區域差別化政策(ce)等(deng)(deng)確定(ding)(ding)并公布(bu)可參與(yu)(yu)直接交(jiao)易(yi)的發電(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)、售電(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)體和(he)用戶(hu)準(zhun)入標準(zhun)。按(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等(deng)(deng)級分(fen)期分(fen)批放開用戶(hu)參與(yu)(yu)直接交(jiao)易(yi)，參與(yu)(yu)直接交(jiao)易(yi)企業(ye)(ye)的單位(wei)能耗、環(huan)(huan)保排(pai)放均應(ying)達到(dao)國家(jia)標準(zhun)，不符合(he)國家(jia)產業(ye)(ye)政策(ce)以(yi)及(ji)產品和(he)工藝屬于淘汰類的企業(ye)(ye)不得參與(yu)(yu)直接交(jiao)易(yi)。進一步完善(shan)和(he)創(chuang)新制度，支持環(huan)(huan)保高效(xiao)特別是超低(di)排(pai)放機組(zu)通(tong)過直接交(jiao)易(yi)和(he)科學調度多發電(dian)(dian)(dian)。準(zhun)入標準(zhun)確定(ding)(ding)后，升級政府按(an)年公布(bu)當地符合(he)標準(zhun)的發電(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)和(he)售電(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)體目(mu)錄(lu)(lu)，對用戶(hu)目(mu)錄(lu)(lu)實施動(dong)態監(jian)管，進入目(mu)錄(lu)(lu)的發電(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)、售電(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)體和(he)用戶(hu)可自愿(yuan)到(dao)交(jiao)易(yi)機構(gou)注冊成為市場主(zhu)體。

5、引(yin)導市場(chang)主(zhu)體(ti)開展多(duo)方直接(jie)交易。有序探(tan)索對符合標準的發電(dian)企(qi)業(ye)、售電(dian)主(zhu)體(ti)和(he)用(yong)戶(hu)賦予自主(zhu)選擇權，確(que)定交易對象、電(dian)量(liang)和(he)價(jia)格，按照國家規定的輸配電(dian)價(jia)向電(dian)網企(qi)業(ye)支付相應的過網費，直接(jie)洽談合同，實(shi)現多(duo)方直接(jie)交易，短期和(he)即時交易通過調度和(he)交易機構實(shi)現，為工商業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)等各類用(yong)戶(hu)提(ti)供更加經濟、優質的電(dian)力保(bao)障。

6、鼓(gu)勵(li)建(jian)(jian)立長期穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)交(jiao)易機制(zhi)。構建(jian)(jian)體(ti)現(xian)市(shi)場主體(ti)意愿、長期穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)雙邊(bian)市(shi)場模式，任何部門和單位不得(de)干(gan)預市(shi)場主體(ti)的(de)(de)合法(fa)交(jiao)易行為。直接交(jiao)易雙方通過自(zi)主協商(shang)決定(ding)交(jiao)易事項，依法(fa)依規簽(qian)訂電網企(qi)(qi)業(ye)參與的(de)(de)三方合同。鼓(gu)勵(li)用戶(hu)與發(fa)電企(qi)(qi)業(ye)之(zhi)間簽(qian)訂長期穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)合同，建(jian)(jian)立并完善實現(xian)合同調整及偏差(cha)電量處理(li)的(de)(de)交(jiao)易平衡機制(zhi)。

7、建立輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)服務(wu)分擔共享新(xin)(xin)機制(zhi)。適應電網(wang)調峰、調頻(pin)、調壓和(he)用(yong)(yong)戶可(ke)(ke)中斷(duan)負(fu)荷(he)等輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)服務(wu)新(xin)(xin)要(yao)求，完善并網(wang)發電企業(ye)輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)服務(wu)考核新(xin)(xin)機制(zhi)和(he)補償機制(zhi)。根據電網(wang)可(ke)(ke)靠性和(he)服務(wu)質量，按照(zhao)誰受(shou)益、誰承擔的(de)(de)原則(ze)，建立用(yong)(yong)戶參與的(de)(de)服務(wu)服務(wu)分擔共享機制(zhi)。用(yong)(yong)戶可(ke)(ke)以結合(he)(he)自(zi)(zi)身負(fu)荷(he)特性，自(zi)(zi)愿選擇與發電企業(ye)或(huo)電網(wang)企業(ye)簽訂保供(gong)電協(xie)議、可(ke)(ke)中斷(duan)負(fu)荷(he)協(xie)議等合(he)(he)同，約定各(ge)自(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)服務(wu)服務(wu)權利與義(yi)務(wu)，承擔必(bi)要(yao)的(de)(de)輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)服務(wu)費用(yong)(yong)，或(huo)按照(zhao)貢獻獲(huo)得(de)相應的(de)(de)經濟補償。

8、完善跨(kua)(kua)省跨(kua)(kua)區(qu)電(dian)力交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)機(ji)制。按照國(guo)家能源(yuan)戰(zhan)略(lve)和(he)經(jing)濟、節能、環保、安全(quan)的原則，采取中(zhong)長期(qi)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)為主(zhu)、臨(lin)時(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)為補充的交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)模(mo)式，推進跨(kua)(kua)省跨(kua)(kua)區(qu)電(dian)力市場化(hua)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)，促進電(dian)力資源(yuan)在更大范圍優化(hua)配置(zhi)。鼓勵具備條件的區(qu)域在政府指導下(xia)建立規(gui)范的跨(kua)(kua)省跨(kua)(kua)區(qu)電(dian)力市場交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)機(ji)制，促使電(dian)力富余地區(qu)更好(hao)地向缺(que)電(dian)地區(qu)輸送電(dian)力，充分發揮市場配置(zhi)資源(yuan)、調劑余缺(que)的作用。積極開展(zhan)跨(kua)(kua)省跨(kua)(kua)區(qu)輔(fu)助服(fu)務(wu)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)。待時(shi)(shi)機(ji)成熟(shu)時(shi)(shi)，探索開展(zhan)電(dian)力期(qi)貨和(he)電(dian)力場外衍(yan)生品交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)，為發電(dian)企業、售電(dian)主(zhu)體和(he)用戶(hu)提供(gong)遠(yuan)期(qi)價格基準和(he)風險管理手段。

(三)建立相對獨(du)立的(de)電力交易機構，形成(cheng)公(gong)平規范的(de)市場交易平臺(tai)

9、遵循市場經濟規律和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力技術特性定位電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業功(gong)能。改變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力輸送、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力統(tong)(tong)購統(tong)(tong)銷、調度交易(yi)為一體的狀況，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業主要(yao)從事電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)投資(zi)運行、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力傳輸配送，負責電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)系統(tong)(tong)安全，保障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)公平無歧視開放(fang)，按國家規定履行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力普遍服務義務。繼續完善(shan)主輔(fu)分離。

10、改革和(he)規范(fan)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業(ye)運(yun)營模式。電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業(ye)不再以(yi)上網(wang)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)和(he)銷售電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)價(jia)(jia)差作為收(shou)入(ru)(ru)來(lai)源，按(an)照政府核定(ding)的輸配電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)收(shou)取過網(wang)費。確(que)保電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業(ye)穩定(ding)的收(shou)入(ru)(ru)來(lai)源和(he)收(shou)益水(shui)平。規范(fan)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業(ye)投資和(he)資產管理行為。

11、組建和(he)規(gui)范運行(xing)電(dian)力(li)(li)交易機(ji)構(gou)。將原(yuan)來由電(dian)網企(qi)業(ye)(ye)承擔(dan)的交易業(ye)(ye)務(wu)與其他業(ye)(ye)務(wu)分開，實(shi)現(xian)交易機(ji)構(gou)相(xiang)對獨立運行(xing)。電(dian)力(li)(li)交易機(ji)構(gou)按照政(zheng)府(fu)批(pi)準的章程和(he)規(gui)則為電(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)場交易提供服(fu)務(wu)。相(xiang)關政(zheng)府(fu)部門依據職責對電(dian)力(li)(li)交易機(ji)構(gou)實(shi)施(shi)有效監管。

12、完善電力交易(yi)機構的(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)功能。電力交易(yi)機構主要負(fu)責市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)交易(yi)平臺的(de)(de)建設、運營(ying)和(he)(he)管(guan)理，負(fu)責市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)交易(yi)組織，提供結算依據和(he)(he)服務，匯總用戶與發(fa)電企業自主簽訂的(de)(de)雙(shuang)邊(bian)合同，負(fu)責市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)主體(ti)的(de)(de)注冊和(he)(he)相應(ying)管(guan)理，披(pi)露(lu)和(he)(he)發(fa)布市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)信息等(deng)。

(四)推進(jin)發用電計劃改(gai)革，更多發揮市場機制的作用

13、有序縮減發用(yong)電(dian)(dian)計(ji)劃(hua)。根據市場發育程度，直接交(jiao)易(yi)的電(dian)(dian)量(liang)和(he)容量(liang)不再納入發用(yong)電(dian)(dian)計(ji)劃(hua)。鼓勵(li)新增(zeng)工業(ye)用(yong)戶和(he)新核準的發電(dian)(dian)機組積極參與(yu)電(dian)(dian)力市場交(jiao)易(yi)，其電(dian)(dian)量(liang)盡快實現以市場交(jiao)易(yi)為主。

14、完(wan)善政府(fu)公益性調節(jie)(jie)性服(fu)務(wu)(wu)功能(neng)(neng)。政府(fu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)留必(bi)要(yao)(yao)的(de)公益性調節(jie)(jie)性發用(yong)電(dian)(dian)計劃(hua)，以確(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)居(ju)民、農業、重要(yao)(yao)公用(yong)事業和公益性服(fu)務(wu)(wu)等用(yong)電(dian)(dian)，確(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)維護電(dian)(dian)網調峰調頻和安全運行，確(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)可再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源發電(dian)(dian)依照(zhao)規(gui)劃(hua)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)性收(shou)購。積極開展(zhan)電(dian)(dian)力需求側管(guan)理(li)和能(neng)(neng)效管(guan)理(li)，通過(guo)運用(yong)現代信(xin)息技術(shu)、培(pei)育電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)、實施需求響應等，促進供需平衡和節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)減(jian)排(pai)。加強老少(shao)邊(bian)窮(qiong)地區電(dian)(dian)力供應保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)，確(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)無電(dian)(dian)人口(kou)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)全覆蓋。

15、進一步(bu)提(ti)升(sheng)以需(xu)求(qiu)側管(guan)理為主的供需(xu)平衡保(bao)障水(shui)平。政府有(you)關(guan)部(bu)門要按(an)照市場化的方(fang)向，從(cong)需(xu)求(qiu)側和供應(ying)側兩方(fang)面(mian)入手，搞好電(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)量整體平衡。提(ti)高(gao)電(dian)力(li)(li)供應(ying)的安全(quan)可靠水(shui)平。常態化、精(jing)細化開展有(you)序用電(dian)工作，有(you)效保(bao)障供需(xu)緊張下居民等重點用電(dian)需(xu)求(qiu)不(bu)受(shou)影(ying)響。加強電(dian)力(li)(li)應(ying)急能(neng)力(li)(li)建設，提(ti)升(sheng)應(ying)急響應(ying)水(shui)平，確保(bao)緊急狀態下社(she)會秩序穩定。

(五)穩步推進(jin)售電側改革(ge)，有序向社會(hui)資本(ben)放(fang)開售電業(ye)務

16、鼓(gu)勵社會資(zi)(zi)(zi)本投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)業(ye)務。按照有(you)利于(yu)促進配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)網建設發展(zhan)和(he)提高配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)運營(ying)效(xiao)率的要求，探索社會資(zi)(zi)(zi)本投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)業(ye)務的有(you)效(xiao)途徑。逐步(bu)向(xiang)符合條件的市場主體(ti)放(fang)開增量配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)業(ye)務，鼓(gu)勵以混合所有(you)制方式發展(zhan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)業(ye)務。

17、建立市場主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)準入(ru)和(he)退出(chu)(chu)機(ji)制。根(gen)據開放售(shou)電(dian)(dian)側市場的(de)(de)(de)要求和(he)各(ge)地(di)實際情況，科學(xue)界(jie)定符(fu)合技術、安全、環保、節能和(he)社會(hui)責任要求的(de)(de)(de)售(shou)電(dian)(dian)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)條件。明確(que)售(shou)電(dian)(dian)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)市場準入(ru)、退出(chu)(chu)規(gui)則，加強監管，切實保障各(ge)相(xiang)關方的(de)(de)(de)合法(fa)權益。電(dian)(dian)網企業應(ying)無歧視地(di)向(xiang)售(shou)電(dian)(dian)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)及其用戶提供(gong)報裝、計量、抄表、維(wei)修等各(ge)類供(gong)電(dian)(dian)服務，按(an)約定履行保底供(gong)應(ying)商義務，確(que)保無議(yi)價能力(li)用戶也有電(dian)(dian)可用。

18、多途(tu)徑培(pei)育(yu)市(shi)場(chang)主(zhu)(zhu)體。允(yun)許(xu)符合條(tiao)件(jian)的高新產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)園區或經濟技術開發區，組(zu)建(jian)(jian)售(shou)(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)體直接(jie)購電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian);鼓勵(li)社會資本投資成立售(shou)(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)體，允(yun)許(xu)其從發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)購買(mai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量向用戶(hu)銷售(shou)(shou)(shou);允(yun)許(xu)擁有分布式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的用戶(hu)或微網(wang)系統參與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力交易;鼓勵(li)供水、供氣、供熱等公共服(fu)務(wu)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)和節能(neng)服(fu)務(wu)公司從事售(shou)(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu);允(yun)許(xu)符合條(tiao)件(jian)的發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)投資和組(zu)建(jian)(jian)售(shou)(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)體進入售(shou)(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)市(shi)場(chang)，從事售(shou)(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)。

19、賦(fu)予市場主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)相(xiang)應的權(quan)責(ze)。售(shou)(shou)電(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)可以采(cai)取(qu)多種(zhong)方(fang)式通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)力市場購(gou)電(dian)，包(bao)括(kuo)向(xiang)發電(dian)企業購(gou)電(dian)、通(tong)過(guo)集中競(jing)價購(gou)電(dian)、向(xiang)其他售(shou)(shou)電(dian)商購(gou)電(dian)等。售(shou)(shou)電(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)、用(yong)(yong)戶、其他相(xiang)關方(fang)依法簽訂(ding)合同(tong)，明(ming)確(que)相(xiang)應的權(quan)利義(yi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，約定(ding)交易、服務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、收費、結算(suan)等事項。鼓勵售(shou)(shou)電(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)創新服務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，向(xiang)用(yong)(yong)戶提供(gong)包(bao)括(kuo)合同(tong)能(neng)(neng)源管理、綜合節能(neng)(neng)和(he)用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)咨詢等增值服務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。各種(zhong)電(dian)力生產方(fang)式都(dou)要嚴格(ge)按照國家有關規定(ding)承擔電(dian)力基金、政策性交叉補貼、普遍服務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、社會責(ze)任等義(yi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。

(六)開放電(dian)網公平接(jie)入，建立分(fen)布式電(dian)源發展新機(ji)制(zhi)

20、積極(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)分布式電源。分布式電源主(zhu)要采(cai)用(yong)“自發(fa)自用(yong)、余量(liang)上網(wang)、電網(wang)調節”的(de)運營模式，在確保安全的(de)前(qian)提下(xia)，積極(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)融合先進儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)技術、信息技術的(de)微電網(wang)和(he)智能(neng)(neng)電網(wang)技術，提高系統(tong)消(xiao)納能(neng)(neng)力和(he)能(neng)(neng)源利用(yong)效(xiao)率。

21、完(wan)善并(bing)網運行服務。加快修訂和(he)完(wan)善接入電網的(de)技術標準(zhun)(zhun)、工(gong)程規范和(he)相關(guan)管理辦法，支持新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)、可再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)、節能(neng)(neng)降(jiang)耗和(he)資源(yuan)綜(zong)合利用機組上(shang)網，積極(ji)推進新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)和(he)可再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電與(yu)其他電影、電網的(de)有效銜接，依照規劃(hua)認真落實可再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電保障性收購制度，解決(jue)好(hao)無(wu)歧視、無(wu)障礙上(shang)網問題。加快制定完(wan)善新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)和(he)可再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)研發(fa)(fa)(fa)、制造、組裝(zhuang)、并(bing)網、維護(hu)、改造等(deng)環節的(de)國家技術標準(zhun)(zhun)。

22、加強(qiang)和規范(fan)(fan)(fan)自(zi)備(bei)(bei)(bei)電(dian)廠(chang)監督管理(li)。規范(fan)(fan)(fan)自(zi)備(bei)(bei)(bei)電(dian)廠(chang)準入(ru)標(biao)準，自(zi)備(bei)(bei)(bei)電(dian)廠(chang)的(de)建設和運行(xing)(xing)應(ying)符(fu)合(he)(he)國家能(neng)源(yuan)產(chan)業政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)和電(dian)力規劃布局要求，嚴格(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)國家節能(neng)和環保排(pai)放標(biao)準，公(gong)平(ping)承(cheng)(cheng)擔社會(hui)(hui)責任，履行(xing)(xing)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)調峰義(yi)務。擁有自(zi)備(bei)(bei)(bei)電(dian)廠(chang)的(de)企業應(ying)按規定承(cheng)(cheng)擔與(yu)自(zi)備(bei)(bei)(bei)電(dian)廠(chang)產(chan)業政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)相(xiang)符(fu)合(he)(he)的(de)政(zheng)(zheng)府性基(ji)金、政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)性交叉補貼和系(xi)統備(bei)(bei)(bei)用費(fei)。完善(shan)和規范(fan)(fan)(fan)余(yu)熱(re)、余(yu)壓、余(yu)氣、瓦斯抽(chou)排(pai)等資源(yuan)綜合(he)(he)利用類自(zi)備(bei)(bei)(bei)電(dian)廠(chang)支(zhi)持政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)。規范(fan)(fan)(fan)現有自(zi)備(bei)(bei)(bei)電(dian)廠(chang)成為(wei)合(he)(he)格(ge)市(shi)場主體，允許在公(gong)平(ping)承(cheng)(cheng)擔發(fa)電(dian)企業社會(hui)(hui)責任的(de)條件下參與(yu)電(dian)力市(shi)場交易。

23、全(quan)面放開(kai)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)側(ce)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)電源市(shi)場。積極開(kai)展分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)電源項目的各類試(shi)點和示范。放開(kai)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)側(ce)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)電源建(jian)設，支持企業、機(ji)構、社(she)區和家庭根據(ju)各自(zi)條件(jian)，因地制宜投資建(jian)設太陽(yang)能、風(feng)能、生物質能發電以(yi)及燃(ran)氣(qi)“熱(re)電冷”聯產等(deng)各類分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)電源，準許接入各電壓(ya)等(deng)級的配電網絡(luo)和終端用(yong)(yong)電系統。鼓勵專(zhuan)業化能源服務(wu)公(gong)司(si)與用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)合作或(huo)以(yi)“合同能源管理”模式(shi)建(jian)設分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)電源。

(七)加強電(dian)力(li)統籌規劃和科(ke)學監(jian)管，提高電(dian)力(li)安全可靠水(shui)平

24、切實加強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力行業特別是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)統籌規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。政府(fu)有(you)關部門(men)要(yao)(yao)(yao)認真(zhen)履行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)職責(ze)，優化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)布局，加強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源燈規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)之間、全(quan)國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)地(di)方性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)之間的(de)有(you)效銜接。提升規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)覆蓋面、權威(wei)性和科學性，增強規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)透明(ming)度和公眾(zhong)參(can)與(yu)度，各種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源建設和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)布局要(yao)(yao)(yao)嚴(yan)格規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)有(you)序組織實施(shi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)應(ying)充分考(kao)慮資源環境承載力，依(yi)法(fa)開(kai)展規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)環境影響評價。規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)法(fa)定程序審核后，要(yao)(yao)(yao)向社會公開(kai)。建立規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)實施(shi)檢查、監督、評估、考(kao)核工(gong)作機制，保障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)有(you)效執行。

25、切實加強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)力行(xing)業及相關領(ling)域(yu)科學監(jian)督(du)。完(wan)(wan)善電(dian)(dian)力監(jian)管(guan)組(zu)織體系，創新(xin)監(jian)管(guan)措施和(he)手段，有效開展電(dian)(dian)力交(jiao)易、調度、供電(dian)(dian)服(fu)務和(he)安(an)(an)全監(jian)管(guan)，加強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)網公平(ping)接入、電(dian)(dian)網投(tou)資行(xing)為、成本及投(tou)資運行(xing)效率監(jian)管(guan)，切實保障新(xin)能(neng)源并網接入，促(cu)進節(jie)能(neng)減(jian)排(pai)，保障居民供電(dian)(dian)和(he)電(dian)(dian)網安(an)(an)全可(ke)靠(kao)運行(xing)。加強(qiang)和(he)完(wan)(wan)善行(xing)業協會自律、協調、監(jian)督(du)、服(fu)務的功能(neng)，充分發揮其在政(zheng)府、用戶和(he)企業之間(jian)的橋(qiao)梁紐帶作用。

26、減少和(he)規(gui)范(fan)電力(li)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)的行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)審批。進(jin)一步(bu)轉(zhuan)變(bian)政(zheng)府(fu)職能、簡(jian)(jian)政(zheng)放權，取消、下(xia)放電力(li)項目審批權限，有(you)效落實規(gui)劃(hua)，明確審核條件和(he)標準(zhun)，規(gui)范(fan)簡(jian)(jian)化審批程序，完善市場規(gui)劃(hua)，保障(zhang)電力(li)發展戰略(lve)、政(zheng)策(ce)和(he)標準(zhun)有(you)效落實。

27、建(jian)立健全市場(chang)主(zhu)體信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用體系。加(jia)強市場(chang)主(zhu)體誠信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)建(jian)設(she)，規范(fan)市場(chang)秩序。有(you)關部門要建(jian)立企(qi)業(ye)(ye)法人(ren)及其負(fu)責人(ren)、從業(ye)(ye)人(ren)員信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用紀錄，將(jiang)其納(na)入(ru)統一的信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息平臺，使各(ge)類企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)用狀況透明、可(ke)追溯、可(ke)核查。加(jia)大監管力度，對企(qi)業(ye)(ye)和(he)個人(ren)的違(wei)(wei)法失信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)行(xing)為(wei)予以公開，違(wei)(wei)法失信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)行(xing)為(wei)嚴重且影響電力安全的，要實(shi)行(xing)嚴格(ge)的行(xing)業(ye)(ye)禁入(ru)措施。

28、抓緊修訂電力(li)法律法規(gui)。根據改(gai)革總體(ti)要(yao)求和(he)進程，抓緊完成電力(li)法的(de)修訂及相關行政(zheng)法規(gui)的(de)研(yan)究(jiu)起草工作，充分發(fa)揮立(li)法對改(gai)革的(de)引導(dao)、推動、規(gui)范、保障作用。加強(qiang)電力(li)依(yi)法行政(zheng)。加大可再生(sheng)能源法的(de)實(shi)施力(li)度。加快能源監(jian)管法規(gui)制定工作，適(shi)應依(yi)法監(jian)管、有(you)效監(jian)管的(de)要(yao)求，及時制定和(he)修訂其他(ta)相關法律、法規(gui)、規(gui)章。

四、加強電力體制改革工作的(de)組(zu)織(zhi)實(shi)施。

電力體制改革工作關(guan)系經濟發展、群眾生活和(he)社(she)會穩定，要(yao)加(jia)強組織領導，按(an)照(zhao)整體設計、重點突(tu)破、分步實施、有序(xu)(xu)推進、試點先行的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)，調動(dong)各(ge)方(fang)面的(de)積極(ji)性，確保改革規(gui)范有序(xu)(xu)、穩妥推進。

(一)加強組織協調。完善電力體(ti)制(zhi)改(gai)革工作(zuo)小(xiao)組機制(zhi)，制(zhi)定切(qie)實可行的(de)專項(xiang)改(gai)革工作(zuo)方(fang)案及相關配套(tao)措施，進一步明確(que)職責分工，明確(que)中央、地方(fang)、企業(ye)的(de)責任(ren)，確(que)保(bao)電力體(ti)制(zhi)改(gai)革工作(zuo)順(shun)利推進。

(二)積極營造氛圍。加強與新聞媒體(ti)的溝通(tong)協(xie)調(diao)，加大對電力體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)的宣傳報道，在(zai)全(quan)社會形成推進(jin)電力體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)的濃厚氛圍，加強改(gai)革(ge)工(gong)作的溝通(tong)協(xie)調(diao)，充分調(diao)動各方積極性，凝聚共識、形成工(gong)作合力。

(三(san))穩妥有序推進。電力(li)體(ti)制改(gai)革是一項(xiang)系統(tong)性工程，要在各方共(gong)識(shi)的(de)基礎上有序、有效、穩妥推進。逐步擴大輸配電價(jia)改(gai)革試(shi)點(dian)(dian)范(fan)圍(wei)。對售(shou)電側(ce)改(gai)革、組建相對獨(du)立運(yun)行(xing)的(de)電力(li)交易(yi)機構等重大改(gai)革事(shi)項(xiang)，可以先進行(xing)試(shi)點(dian)(dian)，在總(zong)結試(shi)點(dian)(dian)經驗(yan)和修(xiu)改(gai)完善(shan)相關法律法規的(de)基礎上再全(quan)面推開。