建筑圍護(hu)(hu)結構節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)主要(yao)包括外墻(qiang)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)、窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)戶節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)、屋頂(ding)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)及遮(zhe)陽節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)4個部分。現代民(min)用(yong)建筑大(da)(da)(da)都采用(yong)大(da)(da)(da)面積玻璃(li)門(men)(men)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)，而門(men)(men)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)又是房屋保溫(wen)隔熱最薄弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，采暖和制(zhi)冷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量大(da)(da)(da)量是從門(men)(men)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)流失的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。就我國(guo)目前典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圍護(hu)(hu)部件而言，門(men)(men)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)耗(hao)約占建筑圍護(hu)(hu)部件總能(neng)(neng)耗(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)40%~50%。近年來，隨著技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展和材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)更新(xin)，門(men)(men)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)已取得(de)了很大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)步，外窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保溫(wen)、隔熱性(xing)能(neng)(neng)得(de)到顯(xian)著改(gai)善(shan)，降低了建筑物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)耗(hao)。本文(wen)主要(yao)從國(guo)內當前窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)戶節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)情況著手(shou)，對窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)戶節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟性(xing)、節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)效率、適用(yong)性(xing)等指標進(jin)行(xing)了評(ping)析。

1建(jian)筑窗戶節能(neng)技術分類

當前，我國建(jian)筑節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)中(zhong)的(de)窗(chuang)戶節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)技術主要包(bao)括復合材(cai)料(liao)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)窗(chuang)、中(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)窗(chuang)、玻(bo)璃(li)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)貼膜(mo)(mo)和透明隔熱(re)涂料(liao)。其(qi)中(zhong)，復合材(cai)料(liao)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)窗(chuang)包(bao)括熱(re)反(fan)射玻(bo)璃(li)及吸熱(re)玻(bo)璃(li)等；中(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)窗(chuang)包(bao)括中(zhong)空(kong)（真空(kong)）玻(bo)璃(li)窗(chuang)、多(duo)層中(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)窗(chuang)、Low-E中(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)窗(chuang)等；玻(bo)璃(li)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)貼膜(mo)(mo)有熱(re)反(fan)射膜(mo)(mo)和低(di)輻射膜(mo)(mo)的(de)做法。

2建(jian)筑(zhu)窗戶節能技術的應用

2.1熱反射玻璃

熱(re)反(fan)射(she)(she)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)是(shi)在普通平板玻(bo)璃(li)(li)、浮法(fa)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)、吸(xi)熱(re)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)等(deng)(deng)基礎上(shang)發展起(qi)來的(de)(de)新型建筑玻(bo)璃(li)(li)，此技術不僅(jin)在建筑和裝潢(huang)等(deng)(deng)行(xing)業應(ying)用非常廣(guang)泛(fan)，也是(shi)各種(zhong)交通工具和電器設備的(de)(de)優質材料。采(cai)(cai)用噴涂(tu)、濺射(she)(she)、真空沉積、氣相沉積等(deng)(deng)方法(fa)，在平板玻(bo)璃(li)(li)表面形成(cheng)氧化物涂(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)。這種(zhong)涂(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)能將陽光(guang)輻射(she)(she)熱(re)的(de)(de)30%~60%反(fan)射(she)(she)掉。其(qi)優點(dian)是(shi)反(fan)射(she)(she)率高、遮(zhe)蔽系數(shu)小、價格便(bian)宜；缺點(dian)是(shi)可見光(guang)透過率低，室內采(cai)(cai)光(guang)受到一定影(ying)(ying)響，用于(yu)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)幕墻，有可能帶來光(guang)污(wu)染。熱(re)反(fan)射(she)(she)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)的(de)(de)節能效率較低，該節能技術可減少原有建筑的(de)(de)空調(diao)能耗(hao)，但會增加由于(yu)室內自然采(cai)(cai)光(guang)減弱的(de)(de)照明(ming)能耗(hao)。熱(re)反(fan)射(she)(she)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)（紅外(wai)反(fan)射(she)(she)）的(de)(de)一次性投入成(cheng)本小，且(qie)在全生命周期內無運(yun)行(xing)維護費(fei)用，施(shi)工工藝較簡單(dan)，施(shi)工速度(du)較快，對既有建筑的(de)(de)改造施(shi)工影(ying)(ying)響小。

2.2中空（真(zhen)空）玻璃窗

中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)內部的(de)(de)氣(qi)體(ti)是(shi)干燥的(de)(de)，使(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)具有隔(ge)(ge)聲、隔(ge)(ge)熱(re)、防結露(lu)、降低冷(leng)輻射(she)及(ji)增強玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)性等(deng)功(gong)能(neng)。真(zhen)空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)是(shi)將2層玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)之間抽成“真(zhen)空(kong)”狀態，基(ji)本上真(zhen)空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)隔(ge)(ge)熱(re)性能(neng)比中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)好1倍(bei)。其(qi)優(you)點是(shi)傳熱(re)系數小，保溫(wen)節(jie)能(neng)效(xiao)果(guo)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)好，具備較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)佳的(de)(de)防結露(lu)效(xiao)果(guo)、隔(ge)(ge)聲效(xiao)果(guo)、隔(ge)(ge)熱(re)效(xiao)果(guo)和降低冷(leng)輻射(she)，還可增強玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)性。缺點是(shi)生產(chan)過(guo)程比較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)復雜，特別對真(zhen)空(kong)度要求高，倘若玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)間真(zhen)空(kong)度不高，或未密封好都會影響(xiang)其(qi)節(jie)能(neng)效(xiao)果(guo)；水或者蒸汽(qi)滲入(ru)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)層會影響(xiang)建筑(zhu)的(de)(de)采(cai)光，且(qie)損(sun)毀后不易更換。真(zhen)空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)密封好壞至關重要，它決定了真(zhen)空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)使(shi)用壽命。中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)（真(zhen)空(kong)）玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)門窗的(de)(de)節(jie)能(neng)效(xiao)率較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)好，對建筑(zhu)外(wai)窗的(de)(de)保溫(wen)、隔(ge)(ge)聲、隔(ge)(ge)熱(re)、防結露(lu)等(deng)性能(neng)有改善(shan)和提(ti)高，該技術(shu)的(de)(de)一次性投入(ru)成本較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大，但在全(quan)(quan)生命周(zhou)期運行和維護費用較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低。

2.3多層中(zhong)空(kong)玻璃門窗

多(duo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)門窗比雙層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)具有(you)更好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)節能效果(guo)。復合中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)節能效果(guo)除受玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)類型、厚度、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)氣體的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響外，還與玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)擺放(fang)位置(zhi)有(you)關，如6mmLow-E＋12mm中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)＋6mm白玻(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)組合，低輻射(she)(she)膜面放(fang)置(zhi)在(zai)室外層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內側則遮蔽系數比較低，比較適合用于夏季的(de)(de)(de)(de)隔(ge)熱；低輻射(she)(she)膜放(fang)置(zhi)在(zai)室內層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)外側則遮蔽系數略(lve)高(gao)些，有(you)利于冬季的(de)(de)(de)(de)采暖。多(duo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)門窗的(de)(de)(de)(de)缺點和(he)雙層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)類似，制(zhi)作工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)復雜、成本更高(gao)，一次性投入成本大，內置(zhi)百(bai)葉的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)造價(jia)約650元/m2。多(duo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)門窗由于施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)復雜，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)速度較慢。

2.4Low-E玻璃窗(chuang)

Low-E玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)之所以(yi)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)，是(shi)因為(wei)它有(you)如下的(de)(de)(de)特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)：一是(shi)紅外線反(fan)射率(lv)高(gao)，可(ke)以(yi)直接(jie)反(fan)射遠紅外輻射；二是(shi)表(biao)面輻射率(lv)低（E≤0.15），吸收外來能(neng)(neng)(neng)量的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力小，從(cong)而再(zai)輻射出的(de)(de)(de)熱能(neng)(neng)(neng)少(shao)；三是(shi)遮(zhe)陽(yang)系數范(fan)圍廣，可(ke)根據需(xu)要(yao)控制太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)透(tou)過量，適應不同地區的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)。Low-E玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)根據生產(chan)工(gong)藝(yi)不同分(fen)為(wei)在(zai)線Low-E玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)離線Low-E玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)。在(zai)線Low-E玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)采(cai)用(yong)高(gao)溫熱解沉積技(ji)術(shu)，在(zai)浮法玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)生產(chan)過程中(zhong)，當玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)處于近700℃的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)溫時，在(zai)表(biao)面鍍(du)(du)上(shang)半導體(ti)金屬(shu)氧化物(wu)(wu)膜，膜層(ceng)(ceng)與玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)通過化學鍵(jian)結合，成為(wei)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)表(biao)面的(de)(de)(de)一部分(fen)；離線Low-E玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)采(cai)用(yong)真空磁(ci)控濺射工(gong)藝(yi)，在(zai)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)表(biao)面鍍(du)(du)上(shang)具有(you)低輻射作(zuo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)金屬(shu)銀功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)膜。兩側(ce)加上(shang)多層(ceng)(ceng)介質膜作(zuo)為(wei)保護和(he)(he)(he)過渡膜層(ceng)(ceng)，膜層(ceng)(ceng)與玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)通過物(wu)(wu)理鍵(jian)結合。Low-E玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)又(you)分(fen)為(wei)高(gao)透(tou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)Low-E玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)、遮(zhe)陽(yang)型Low-E玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)雙銀Low-E玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)。其優點(dian)是(shi)對遠紅外光具有(you)高(gao)反(fan)射率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)同時又(you)保持(chi)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)透(tou)光性(xing)(xing)(xing)，并能(neng)(neng)(neng)減少(shao)室內的(de)(de)(de)熱量散發，降低外界條件對室內溫度的(de)(de)(de)影響。缺(que)點(dian)是(shi)成本較高(gao)。Low-E玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)門(men)窗的(de)(de)(de)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)效率(lv)高(gao)，使用(yong)該(gai)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)術(shu)，使得原有(you)建筑圍護結構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)保溫、隔熱、遮(zhe)陽(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)得到明顯改善或提高(gao)。該(gai)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)一次性(xing)(xing)(xing)投入(ru)成本較大，但在(zai)全(quan)生命周期內的(de)(de)(de)運行和(he)(he)(he)維(wei)護費(fei)用(yong)較低。

2.5單層自遮(zhe)陽節能(neng)玻(bo)璃(li)的應用

單(dan)層自(zi)遮(zhe)陽(yang)玻璃是將具有遮(zhe)陽(yang)效果(guo)的圖案印刷(shua)(shua)在玻璃表(biao)(biao)面，它的優點(dian)是遮(zhe)陽(yang)系數(shu)高，缺(que)點(dian)是傳熱系數(shu)大(da)、透光(guang)(guang)率低，具有視覺阻擋；且印刷(shua)(shua)前需清除(chu)玻璃表(biao)(biao)面的水(shui)分、油跡和污物(wu)；夏季材料容易產生變(bian)色，存放需謹慎；印刷(shua)(shua)施(shi)工時為(wei)防止鉛中毒(du)，須(xu)有良好的通(tong)風條件。自(zi)遮(zhe)陽(yang)玻璃的節能(neng)效率一般，使(shi)用(yong)該(gai)(gai)技(ji)術可以(yi)使(shi)建筑圍護結構的遮(zhe)陽(yang)性能(neng)得到改善，但冬(dong)季透光(guang)(guang)率低，有視線遮(zhe)擋。該(gai)(gai)技(ji)術的一次(ci)性投(tou)入成本較大(da)，2mm的絲(si)網(wang)印刷(shua)(shua)玻璃造價約(yue)70元/m2。

2.6單層鋼化節能玻璃

單層(ceng)鋼化玻璃的(de)優點是具(ju)有較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的(de)機械強度、較(jiao)(jiao)好的(de)熱(re)穩(wen)定性(xing)和安全(quan)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)。缺點是傳(chuan)熱(re)系數高(gao)，節能(neng)(neng)效率較(jiao)(jiao)差。使用該技術，建筑節能(neng)(neng)效果(guo)不顯著。單層(ceng)鋼化玻璃的(de)造價(jia)便宜，一次性(xing)投入(ru)成本不大，且技術在全(quan)生命周期內(nei)無(wu)運行費(fei)(fei)用，維護費(fei)(fei)用也很低。

3建筑(zhu)窗(chuang)戶節能技術(shu)的適用性

通(tong)(tong)過對(dui)窗戶節(jie)(jie)能(neng)技術(shu)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)情況的(de)(de)(de)(de)了解，本文(wen)對(dui)窗戶節(jie)(jie)能(neng)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)進行進一(yi)(yi)步的(de)(de)(de)(de)探討。熱反射玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍較(jiao)狹(xia)窄，主(zhu)要(yao)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)我(wo)國夏季較(jiao)炎熱地(di)(di)(di)區，如(ru)夏熱冬暖(nuan)地(di)(di)(di)區，此技術(shu)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)以遮陽(yang)為(wei)主(zhu)，不(bu)考慮保溫的(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)。中空（真空）玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)門(men)窗可(ke)廣(guang)泛(fan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)我(wo)國寒冷(leng)地(di)(di)(di)區和夏熱冬冷(leng)地(di)(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)冬季保溫，適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)各(ge)種(zhong)類型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)單體(ti)，并(bing)且已(yi)在(zai)北方(fang)地(di)(di)(di)區得到(dao)了普(pu)遍的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。多層(ceng)中空玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)門(men)窗由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)造價(jia)高、施工工藝復雜，適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)受到(dao)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)限制，雖適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)寒冷(leng)地(di)(di)(di)區，但(dan)(dan)未(wei)得到(dao)普(pu)遍使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。Low-E玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)廣(guang)泛(fan)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)我(wo)國各(ge)種(zhong)氣候地(di)(di)(di)區，遮陽(yang)型(xing)(xing)Low-E玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)南方(fang)地(di)(di)(di)區和北方(fang)不(bu)太寒冷(leng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)區，且可(ke)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)對(dui)裝飾要(yao)求高或需遮陽(yang)效果的(de)(de)(de)(de)所有(you)(you)建筑(zhu)物；高透性(xing)(xing)(xing)Low-E玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)以采暖(nuan)為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)北方(fang)地(di)(di)(di)區，且對(dui)各(ge)種(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)域的(de)(de)(de)(de)高通(tong)(tong)透性(xing)(xing)(xing)外觀設(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)極為(wei)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，此項(xiang)技術(shu)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)效率好，可(ke)以節(jie)(jie)省多方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)耗，但(dan)(dan)由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)目前市場(chang)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)格較(jiao)高，還未(wei)得到(dao)普(pu)遍使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。單層(ceng)自遮陽(yang)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍較(jiao)狹(xia)窄，對(dui)遮陽(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)要(yao)求高的(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)，通(tong)(tong)常做輔助使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，不(bu)適于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)冬季采暖(nuan)地(di)(di)(di)區建筑(zhu)大面積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，不(bu)宜用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)保溫需求的(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)。鋼化玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)對(dui)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)有(you)(you)強度要(yao)求和安全需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)部位，有(you)(you)些案例用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)其做雙層(ceng)幕墻的(de)(de)(de)(de)內層(ceng)幕墻，由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)其傳熱系數較(jiao)大，不(bu)宜用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)保溫需求的(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)。

外(wai)窗是建(jian)(jian)筑節(jie)能(neng)(neng)的關(guan)鍵(jian)部位(wei)，但各(ge)(ge)項外(wai)窗節(jie)能(neng)(neng)技術都存在(zai)各(ge)(ge)自的優缺點(dian)和適用范圍。我們在(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑設計(ji)(ji)工作中(zhong)，應根據建(jian)(jian)筑的使(shi)用類型、使(shi)用情(qing)況、氣候條件(jian)等(deng)具體(ti)因(yin)素進行合(he)理選(xuan)擇，從而(er)提(ti)高建(jian)(jian)筑的節(jie)能(neng)(neng)效率(lv)，平衡節(jie)能(neng)(neng)設計(ji)(ji)的經濟性，實現真正意(yi)義上的建(jian)(jian)筑節(jie)能(neng)(neng)。