中空玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產生最初目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)并不是(shi)(shi)為了節(jie)能，而(er)是(shi)(shi)為了避(bi)免清洗兩(liang)(liang)(liang)片(pian)(pian)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)內側。人(ren)們最初將(jiang)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)片(pian)(pian)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)合(he)起密(mi)(mi)封時，兩(liang)(liang)(liang)片(pian)(pian)密(mi)(mi)封合(he)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱性(xing)能與傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)片(pian)(pian)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(一(yi)片(pian)(pian)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)另一(yi)片(pian)(pian)為防風暴)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱性(xing)能是(shi)(shi)相同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。但是(shi)(shi)，將(jiang)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)片(pian)(pian)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)密(mi)(mi)封合(he)成卻帶來了新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，即兩(liang)(liang)(liang)片(pian)(pian)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)之間出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)氣(qi)產生冷凝現(xian)象。為除去密(mi)(mi)封在空氣(qi)腔內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)氣(qi)，人(ren)們使(shi)用(yong)干燥劑，并改進密(mi)(mi)封膠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能防止水(shui)氣(qi)進入干燥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)腔內。隨著(zhu)中空玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)在生活各(ge)個(ge)方(fang)面廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)。中空玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術也隨著(zhu)創新(xin)到如今人(ren)民在中空玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)中充惰(duo)性(xing)氣(qi)體。那(nei)么充惰(duo)性(xing)氣(qi)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因在于哪里？

最常用于(yu)中空玻(bo)璃(li)的惰性(xing)氣體有氬氣、氪氣和氙氣。 

1.氬氣、氪氣和氙的傳導性較空氣低。

2.氪氣(qi)和氙氣(qi)的熱效能與氬氣(qi)相比分(fen)別高1/3和1/2；換句話說當它(ta)們(men)的熱效能大致相同條件下，氪氣(qi)和氙氣(qi)的空氣(qi)層卻只是氬氣(qi)空氣(qi)層間隔的2/3到1/2。

3.氪氣可用來制(zhi)作空(kong)氣層(ceng)較(jiao)小熱性能高(gao)的中(zhong)空(kong)玻璃。通常使(shi)用氬氣最多的情況是用來制(zhi)作三層(ceng)中(zhong)空(kong)玻璃，中(zhong)將一層(ceng)為隔膜

而(er)通(tong)常使用的(de)惰性(xing)氣體的(de)充氣方(fang)法有三種：

1.將中(zhong)空玻璃放在一個密(mi)封充氣(qi)的環境里，然后向(xiang)內加(jia)壓充氣(qi)。

2.將中空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)放到一(yi)個密封倉內，在將倉內和中空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)內的(de)氣體排出，用惰性(xing)氣體代替中空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)內原有的(de)空(kong)氣。

3.在中空玻璃一側插入一個和幾個細管，然后使空氣層內的(de)空氣與惰性氣體交換。

因(yin)為我(wo)們(men)看不見空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和氬(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，理解向中(zhong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)充惰(duo)性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體可能是(shi)比較(jiao)困難(nan)的(de)。但充氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)概念其實(shi)是(shi)非常簡單不過的(de)。氬(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)較(jiao)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重40％左右。在(zai)(zai)充氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)開始(shi)一段時(shi)間(jian)里，空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事實(shi)上(shang)浮(fu)在(zai)(zai)氬(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)方(fang)。如果小心地向中(zhong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)內充氬(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)就會浮(fu)在(zai)(zai)氬(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)方(fang)，關鍵是(shi)向內充氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)一定要小心。如果向內充氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動作很大(da)(da)，那么空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與氬(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之間(jian)的(de)隔(ge)層就會被打亂。那么，就需要向中(zhong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)窗內充大(da)(da)量的(de)氬(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)來(lai)稀釋空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與氬(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)混合比，直(zhi)到中(zhong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)內大(da)(da)部分為氬(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為止。用一個(ge)敏(min)感的(de)測量儀在(zai)(zai)氬(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)出口處可測量出氬(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)濃度何時(shi)達到95％。

一旦中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)窗(chuang)內(nei)充滿(man)氣(qi)體并密封后，微量的(de)(de)(de)惰性(xing)(xing)氣(qi)體會從中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)玻璃窗(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)端(duan)和四(si)周(zhou)慢慢地滲(shen)出。隨著中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)玻璃內(nei)氣(qi)體的(de)(de)(de)不斷稀釋(shi)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)玻璃內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)惰性(xing)(xing)氣(qi)體上(shang)下混(hun)合(he)，濃(nong)度趨于(yu)一致。如果中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)窗(chuang)內(nei)含(han)90％的(de)(de)(de)氬氣(qi)和10％的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)，則中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)玻璃的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)層內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)惰性(xing)(xing)氣(qi)體濃(nong)度各處相同(tong)。

行(xing)業內(nei)對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)內(nei)充(chong)多少惰性氣體(ti)(ti)沒有具體(ti)(ti)規(gui)定，但一(yi)般來(lai)說，不(bu)能(neng)少于(yu)80％。但大多數廠(chang)家充(chong)90－95％。LOW－E玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)與空(kong)氣配置的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)的(de)(de)節能(neng)效果也不(bu)錯(cuo)。一(yi)般來(lai)說，充(chong)惰性氣體(ti)(ti)可提高中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)窗(chuang)熱(re)效能(neng)15％。例(li)如，如果內(nei)含(han)空(kong)氣的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央的(de)(de)熱(re)阻(zu)值(zhi)為3.5,則(ze)充(chong)惰性氣體(ti)(ti)后中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央的(de)(de)熱(re)阻(zu)值(zhi)可提高到4.0。隨著惰性氣體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)慢(man)慢(man)泄漏掉(diao)，玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央的(de)(de)熱(re)阻(zu)值(zhi)會從4.0線性地降回(hui)到3.5。

氬(ya)氣(qi)(qi)—提高(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)窗(chuang)的保溫能力。因(yin)為氬(ya)氣(qi)(qi)導熱(re)(re)不像(xiang)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)那么容易，冬天(tian)可將(jiang)熱(re)(re)能保留在室內夏天(tian)將(jiang)熱(re)(re)阻擋在室外(wai)。窗(chuang)戶破(po)裂或其他原因(yin)導致氬(ya)氣(qi)(qi)泄漏都不會對人和建筑(zhu)物有所損害(hai)。氬(ya)氣(qi)(qi)在自然(ran)狀態下(xia)存在，我們(men)每時每刻呼吸的空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)就含有氬(ya)氣(qi)(qi)，是一(yi)種無毒的惰性氣(qi)(qi)體。

中空玻璃對氬(ya)氣的(de)保有能力決定于中空玻璃密封(feng)系統的(de)質量。如果(guo)密封(feng)失敗，氬(ya)氣就會(hui)跑(pao)掉。許多試驗(yan)顯(xian)示中空窗(chuang)的(de)年泄漏率小于1％。如果(guo)中空窗(chuang)的(de)使用壽命(ming)為20年，那么20年后，中空窗(chuang)內(nei)的(de)氬(ya)氣仍有最初充(chong)氣水平的(de)80％。

盡管節(jie)能(neng)是重要的(de)(de)(de)，但人們(men)從充惰(duo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)中空玻璃(li)中得(de)(de)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大好處(chu)在(zai)于它提高了窗戶內側(ce)的(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)(du)從而提高了室內的(de)(de)(de)舒(shu)適程度(du)(du)。提高室內玻璃(li)溫度(du)(du)消除(chu)或最(zui)大限度(du)(du)地減少(shao)玻璃(li)的(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)凝問題(ti)。人們(men)在(zai)接(jie)近(jin)較(jiao)溫暖(nuan)的(de)(de)(de)玻璃(li)表面時會感到(dao)更舒(shu)適。我們(men)向中空玻璃(li)內充惰(duo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)原因很簡單(dan)，充惰(duo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)工藝(yi)簡單(dan)、成本低(di)(di)廉，但卻可改善中空玻璃(li)的(de)(de)(de)熱效能(neng)。氬氣(qi)(qi)是使用最(zui)多的(de)(de)(de)惰(duo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)，成本低(di)(di)并(bing)容(rong)易獲得(de)(de)。氪氣(qi)(qi)盡管昂貴些，但人們(men)在(zai)某些用途(tu)方(fang)面也使用，特別是在(zai)窗戶的(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)層(ceng)要求較(jiao)小的(de)(de)(de)時候。

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